Mkpọ mkpuchi ice na oke osimiri Arctic adaala n'ọkwa nke abụọ kachasị ala kemgbe nyocha satịlaịtị malitere na 1979, ndị sayensị gọọmentị US kwuru na Mọnde.
Ruo n'ọnwa a, naanị otu ugboro n'ime afọ 42 gara aga ka okpokoro isi ụwa kpuchiri ekpuchi ihe na-erughị nde square kilomita anọ (1.5 million square miles).
Arctic nwere ike ịnweta oge okpomọkụ nke mbụ na-enweghị ice dị ka 2035, ndị nchọpụta kọrọ na ọnwa gara aga na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature Climate Change.
Mana ihe niile na-agbaze snow na ice anaghị ebuli ọkwa oke osimiri, dị ka agbaze ice cubes adịghị awụsa otu iko mmiri, nke na-ajụ ajụjụ na-adịghị mma: Ònye na-eche?
N'ezie, nke a bụ akụkọ ọjọọ maka anụ ọhịa bea, nke, dị ka nnyocha e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, na-aga n'ihu na-ekpochapụ.
Ee, nke a pụtara n'ezie mgbanwe dị omimi nke gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri nke mpaghara, site na phytoplankton gaa na whale.
Dị ka ọ na-apụta, e nwere ọtụtụ ihe mere ị ga-eji na-echegbu onwe gị banyere mmetụta ndị dị n'ime mbelata mmiri mmiri Arctic.
Ikekwe echiche kachasị mkpa, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-ekwu, bụ na ibé ice na-ebelata abụghị nanị ihe mgbaàmà nke okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ, kama ọ bụ ihe na-akpata ya.
"Mwepụ nke ice dị n'oké osimiri na-ekpughe oké osimiri gbara ọchịchịrị, nke na-emepụta usoro nzaghachi dị ike," Geophysicist Marco Tedesco nke Mahadum Ụwa nke Mahadum Columbia gwara ndị AFP.
Ma mgbe e ji mmiri na-acha anụnụ anụnụ dochie anya elu enyo ahụ, ihe dị ka otu pasent nke ike ọkụ ụwa na-etinye obi.
Anyị anaghị ekwu maka mpaghara stampụ ebe a: ọdịiche dị n'etiti nkezi mpempe akwụkwọ ice kacha nta site na 1979 ruo 1990 na ebe kacha ala edere taa karịrị nde square kilomita atọ - okpukpu abụọ nke France, Germany na Spain jikọtara ọnụ.
Oké osimiri na-amịkọrọ pasentị 90 nke oke okpomọkụ nke gas griin haus na-emepụta, ma nke a na-abịa n'ọnụ ọnụ, gụnyere mgbanwe kemịkal, oke okpomọkụ nke mmiri na mmiri coral na-anwụ anwụ.
Usoro ihu igwe gbagwojuru anya nke ụwa gụnyere mmiri mmiri nwere njikọ chiri anya nke ifufe, ebili mmiri na nke a na-akpọ mgbasa thermohaline, n'onwe ya na-ebute site na mgbanwe okpomọkụ ("ọkụ") na ntinye nnu ("brine").
Ọbụlagodi obere mgbanwe a na-eme na eriri igwe na-ebu oke osimiri (nke na-aga n'etiti okporo osisi na n'akụkụ oke osimiri atọ niile) nwere ike imebi ọnọdụ ihu igwe.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 13,000 gara aga, ka Ụwa si n'oge ice na-agbanwe na oge interglacial nke na-ekwe ka ụdị anyị na-eto eto, okpomọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ dara na mberede ogo Celsius.
Ihe akaebe banyere ala ala na-egosi na mbelata nke mgbasa ozi thermohaline nke oke mmiri dị jụụ na-ebubata ngwa ngwa sitere na Arctic bụ ihe kpatara ya.
Xavier Fettweiss nke Mahadum Liege dị na Belgium kwuru, sị: “Mmiri dị ọhụrụ sitere n’oké osimiri na-agbaze na ice dị n’ala Greenland na-akpaghasị ma na-akụda Ọwara Ọwara mmiri,” akụkụ nke eriri ebu nke na-eru n’Oké Osimiri Atlantic.
"Ọ bụ ya mere Western Europe ji nwee ihu igwe dị nro karịa North America n'otu ebe."
Nnukwu ice dị na Greenland tụfuru ihe karịrị ijeri tọn 500 nke mmiri dị ọcha n'afọ gara aga, nke niile dabara n'oké osimiri.
Ọnụ ego ndekọ ahụ bụ akụkụ n'ihi oke okpomọkụ, nke na-ebili na okpukpu abụọ na Arctic karịa ụwa ndị ọzọ.
"Ọtụtụ ọmụmụ egosila na mmụba nke oke okpomọkụ Arctic n'oge okpomọkụ bụ n'ihi ntakịrị oke ice," Fettwiss gwara ndị AFP.
Dị ka otu nnyocha e bipụtara n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature na July si kwuo, ọnọdụ mgbanwe ihu igwe dị ugbu a na mmalite nke oge okpomọkụ na-enweghị ice, dị ka UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Climate Panel kọwara, bụ ihe na-erughị 1 nde square kilomita.N'ọgwụgwụ narị afọ ahụ, anụ ọhịa bea ga-agụ agụụ n'ezie.
"Okpomọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke mmadụ kpatara pụtara na anụ ọhịa bea pola nwere obere ice n'oké osimiri n'oge ọkọchị," onye isi ọmụmụ Stephen Armstrup, onye isi ọkà mmụta sayensị na Polar Bears International, gwara ndị AFP.